Hypnotherapy Resources

Hypnotherapy is often used in sports psychology as a method of mental training. The general idea is to help athletes improve their mental resilience, focus, and stress/anxiety, which can lead to improved physical performance with hypnotherapy. Here are a few academic articles and books that you might find useful:

  • Liggett, D. R. (2000). “Enhancing imagery through hypnosis: A performance aid for athletes”. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(2), 149–157. (DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2000.10404266)

  • Barker, J., Jones, M., & Greenlees, I. (2010). “Assessing the immediate and maintained effects of hypnosis on self-efficacy and soccer wall-volley performance”. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32(2), 243-252. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.2.243)

  • Pates, J., & Palmi, J. (2002). “The effects of hypnosis on flow states and golf-putting performance”. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(4), 341-347. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/714044203)

  • Gruzelier, J. H. (2002). “A review of the impact of hypnosis, relaxation, guided imagery and individual differences on aspects of performance and function”. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 50(4), 434-455. (DOI: 10.1080/00207140208410111)

These studies suggest that hypnosis can enhance sports performance, particularly in terms of skill execution and mental resilience.

  • Whorwell PJ, Prior A, Faragher EB. “Controlled trial of hypnotherapy in the treatment of severe refractory irritable-bowel syndrome.” The Lancet, 1984. This landmark study was among the first to provide high-quality evidence that hypnotherapy could help IBS symptoms.
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6150275/

  • Gonsalkorale WM, Houghton LA, Whorwell PJ. “Hypnotherapy in irritable bowel syndrome: a large-scale audit of a clinical service with examination of factors influencing responsiveness.” American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2002. This audit of over 200 patients found that hypnotherapy improved symptoms in a majority of IBS sufferers, with benefits lasting up to five years.
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12003432/

  • Palsson OS, Turner MJ, Johnson DA, Burnett CK, Whitehead WE. “Hypnosis treatment for severe irritable bowel syndrome: Investigation of mechanism and effects on symptoms.” Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2002. This study found that hypnotherapy could reduce the way IBS sufferers perceive pain.
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12452403/

  • Simrén M, Ringström G, Björnsson ES, Abrahamsson H. “Treatment with hypnotherapy reduces the sensory and motor component of the gastrocolonic response in irritable bowel syndrome.” Psychosomatic Medicine, 2004. This research found that hypnotherapy could modulate the gastrocolonic response, leading to an improvement in IBS symptoms.
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.13202

Below are several studies indicating that hypnotherapy can be a useful tool for managing and reducing anxiety.

  • Hammond, D. C. (2010). “Hypnosis in the treatment of anxiety- and stress-related disorders.” Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 10(2), 263-273. DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.140

  • Elkins, G., Fisher, W., Johnson, A., Carpenter, J., & Keith, T. (2013). “Clinical hypnosis in the treatment of post-menopausal hot flashes: A randomized controlled trial.” Menopause, 20(3), 291–298. DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31826ce3ed

  • Shih, M., Yang, Y. H., & Koo, M. (2009). “A meta-analysis of hypnosis in the treatment of depressive symptoms: a brief communication.” The International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis, 57(4), 431–442. DOI: 10.1080/00207140903099039

  • Montgomery, G. H., DuHamel, K. N., & Redd, W. H. (2000). “A meta-analysis of hypnotically induced analgesia: how effective is hypnosis?” The International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis, 48(2), 138–153. DOI: 10.1080/00207140008410045

The actual access to these studies might be behind a paywall, so you may want to consider utilising a university or institutional database, or potentially reach out directly to the authors of the papers if you’re unable to access them.

  • In 2007, a systematic review titled “Hypnosis for the Management of Chronic Pain” by Patterson & Jensen was published in the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. The authors concluded that hypnosis interventions consistently produce significant decreases in pain associated with a variety of chronic-pain problems. [Patterson, D.R., & Jensen, M., 2007. Hypnosis and clinical pain. Psychological bulletin, 133(4), p. 495.]
  • A study in 2000 titled “The Efficacy of Hypnosis in the Reduction of Procedural Pain and Distress in Pediatric Oncology: A Systematic Review” published in Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics indicated that hypnosis can be effective in reducing procedure-related pain in children with cancer. [Liossi, C. and Hatira, P., 1999. Clinical hypnosis versus cognitive behavioral training for pain management with pediatric cancer patients undergoing bone marrow aspirations. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 47(2), pp.104-116.]
  • A 2013 research published in Nature Reviews Rheumatology titled “Hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral interventions for pain management in rheumatic diseases” showed that cognitive-behavioral interventions, including hypnosis, can help reduce pain intensity and improve pain coping in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. [Bernardy, K., Füber, N., Köllner, V., & Häuser, W. (2013). Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Rheumatology, 40(9), pp. 1550-1564.]

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